To be sure, however, many of the films enjoyed widespread popularity among very general audiences, and had production values that were typical for popular films of the day. The contrived plots, poorly overdubbed dialogue, novice acting skills of the bodybuilder leads, and primitive special effects that were often inadequate to depict the legendary creatures on screen all conspire to give these films a certain camp appeal now. Most films also contain a standard scene involving belly dancing or some similar ballet, meant to depict an orgy and underline the pagan decadence of the villains. In the formulaic plots common to many of the films, two women vied for the affection of the hero: the good love interest, a damsel in distress needing rescue, and an evil queen or other ruler who served as a femme fatale. European audiences tended to prefer an Anglo-American in the lead, and Italian bodybuilders would adopt English pseudonyms for the screen ( Sergio Ciani became Alan Steel, for example). This spawned the 1959 sequel " Hercules Unchained", and literally dozens of low-budget imitations starring other bodybuilder stars such as Reg Park, Gordon Scott, Mark Forest, Brad Harris, Dan Vadis, and Alan Steel.
The fad began with the 1958 release of " Hercules", starring American bodybuilder Steve Reeves. Gladiators were perennial favorite subjects, as were the adventures of Hercules, Goliath, Samson, Ursus, Jason and the Argonauts, or Italy's legendary strongman Maciste. Several famous Italian directors such as Mario Bava and Sergio Leone got their start in the genre as well.
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More specifically, however, the "sword and sandal" film genre usually refers to a low-budget Italian movie on a gladiatorial, Biblical or mythological subject, often with a professional bodybuilder in the principal role the genre occupied much of the popular segment of Italy's movie industry from 1960–1964, before the creation of the spaghetti western. In this sense, it is one of the oldest movie genres the original "Ben-Hur" was made by Sidney Olcott in 19 silent film " Cabiria" was important in the development of the art of cinematography, and was one of the first sword-and-sandal films to make use of a massively muscled actor, Bartolomeo Pagano. Broadly considered, this category could encompass such diverse Period films as " Ben-Hur", " Cleopatra", " Titus", "Gladiator", " King Arthur" or "The Ten Commandments". The greatest productions of this film genre were made between 19, but pepla have experienced a recent renaissance. Most movies based on Greco-Roman history and mythology, or the surrounding cultures of the same era ( Egyptians, Assyrians, Etruscans, Minoans), etc. Sword and sandal films, or pepla (singular= peplum) are a genre of adventure or fantasy films that have subjects set in Biblical or classical antiquity, often with contrived plots based very loosely on mythology or history.
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